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Physical Therapy Exercises for Shoulder Pain: What Actually Works?

Physical Therapy Exercises for Shoulder Pain: What Actually Works?

August 22, 2025

Shoulder pain has a sneaky way of interrupting your day. Whether it’s that sharp twinge when reaching for something on the top shelf or the dull ache that settles in after a long day at your desk, it can seriously slow you down. At Forefront Physical Therapy, we hear this all the time: “I didn’t think it was serious… until I couldn’t lift my arm anymore.”

If that sounds familiar, you’re not alone. The good news? The right physical therapy exercises for shoulder pain can make a huge difference. Whether you’re recovering from an injury, managing chronic pain, or just trying to feel normal again, this guide walks you through the essentials—from what’s going wrong to what you can do about it.

Understanding the Shoulder: Why It’s So Easily Injured

The shoulder is the most mobile joint in your body—and with that freedom comes vulnerability. It’s a ball-and-socket joint made up of your humerus (upper arm bone), scapula (shoulder blade), and clavicle (collarbone), stabilized primarily by your rotator cuff muscles.

But because it’s so mobile, the shoulder relies on a delicate balance of muscle strength and joint stability. And when that balance is thrown off—by bad posture, overuse, or an injury—pain and dysfunction are quick to follow.

What’s Causing Your Shoulder Pain?

There’s no one-size-fits-all answer. But here are the most common reasons we see at Forefront:

Rotator Cuff Issues

Whether it’s a minor strain, tendinitis, or a full tear, these problems tend to cause pain when lifting your arm—especially overhead or at night.

Shoulder Impingement

When the space between the top of your shoulder blade and your rotator cuff narrows, tendons get pinched. This is one of the most common reasons people feel pain during activity.

Frozen Shoulder

Also known as adhesive capsulitis, this condition limits your range of motion and can take months to resolve without the right intervention.

Osteoarthritis

As we age (or after injury), the cartilage in the shoulder joint can wear down, leading to stiffness, inflammation, and that deep, grinding discomfort.

Muscle Imbalances from Poor Posture

Sitting at a desk, rounding your shoulders forward, or slouching while standing shifts your shoulder into poor alignment—putting strain on all the wrong areas.

Nerve Irritation or Referral

Sometimes the pain isn’t coming from your shoulder at all. Pinched nerves in your neck or upper back can radiate pain into the shoulder.

How to Know If It’s Time to Get Help

Some shoulder pain clears up with rest and stretching. But here’s how to know if yours needs more than that:

Quick Self-Check:

  • Does your pain get worse when lifting your arm?
  • Are daily activities—like dressing or driving—getting harder?
  • Do you feel weak or unstable when lifting anything?
  • Is there popping, grinding, or clicking?

When to See a Physical Therapist:

  • The pain’s been there more than 2 weeks
  • You’ve lost range of motion
  • It’s interfering with sleep or work
  • You’ve had a fall or injury that led to pain or bruising

At Forefront, we offer in-depth shoulder assessments to pinpoint exactly what’s going on—no guesswork, no cookie-cutter treatments.

The Best Physical Therapy Exercises for Shoulder Pain

These exercises are foundational in many recovery plans. They focus on mobility, control, and stability—the things that actually keep your shoulder working smoothly.

Note: If you feel sharp or shooting pain during any of these, stop and get evaluated by a professional.

1. Pendulum Swings

Helps relieve pain and gently improves mobility—especially after injury or surgery.

How to do it:

  • Lean forward with your unaffected arm supported on a table.
  • Let your injured arm hang loosely.
  • Swing it gently in small circles or forward/back for 1–2 minutes.

2. Wall Slides (Flexion and Abduction)

Rebuilds range of motion in a controlled way.

How to do it:

  • Stand facing a wall.
  • Place fingers of the injured arm on the wall and “walk” them up as high as you can comfortably reach.
  • Hold at the top, then slide back down. Repeat 10–15 reps.

3. External Rotations with Resistance Band

This targets the rotator cuff and prevents instability.

How to do it:

  • Anchor a resistance band at waist height.
  • Stand sideways with elbow bent to 90° and close to your side.
  • Rotate your forearm outward, keeping your elbow in place.

4. Scapular Squeezes

Improves posture and stabilizes the shoulder blade.

How to do it:

  • Sit or stand tall.
  • Pull shoulder blades together and hold for 5–10 seconds.
  • Repeat 10–20 times a few times a day.

5. Sleeper Stretch

Great for increasing internal rotation.

How to do it:

  • Lie on your affected side with shoulder and elbow bent at 90°.
  • Use your opposite hand to gently press the forearm toward the floor.

Tips to Prevent Shoulder Pain from Coming Back

Getting rid of pain is only half the job. Staying pain-free long-term takes a little strategy. Here’s how:

Stay Posture-Aware

The position of your head, neck, and shoulders throughout the day matters more than most people realize. Take breaks from screens, adjust your desk, and avoid slouching.

Strengthen Supporting Muscles

Focus on the small but important muscles—especially the rotator cuff and lower traps. These muscles stabilize the shoulder and keep you from overloading the joint.

Warm Up (Always)

Jumping into workouts or heavy lifting without a warm-up can strain your shoulder fast. Start with mobility drills and low-load resistance.

Learn Proper Form

Whether you’re lifting at the gym or grabbing groceries out of the trunk, form matters. Work with a therapist to improve mechanics and avoid unnecessary stress on the joint.

Still Struggling? Here’s What to Do Next

If you’ve tried the stretches, rested your shoulder, maybe even iced it a few times—but the pain’s still hanging around—it’s probably time to stop guessing.

At Forefront Physical Therapy, our team specializes in personalized treatment plans for shoulder pain. We’ll walk you through a full evaluation, hands-on therapy, and a rehab program designed to get you back to your lifestyle, pain-free.

No cookie-cutter solutions. No wasted time. Just real progress, fast.

Book Your Shoulder Evaluation at Forefront Today

Let’s be honest—shoulder pain rarely fixes itself. And pushing through it usually leads to more problems down the line. Whether you’re an athlete, an active parent, or someone who just wants to sleep without pain again, Forefront Physical Therapy is ready to help.

Book your shoulder consultation at Forefront today and let’s rebuild your strength, mobility, and confidence—starting now.

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